The spring scale in the diagram below reads 11 N.

A) The cart moves toward the right with an acceleration toward the right of 3.25 m/s². Now two forces are applied to the cart with two different spring scales as shown below. The spring scale F₁ still reads 11 N.

The cart now moves toward the right with an acceleration toward the right of 4.75 m/s². What does spring scale F₂ read?

[2] N

Show your calculations and explain.
[2]

B) Now two forces are applied to the cart with two different spring scales as shown below. The spring scale F₁ still reads 11 N.

The cart now moves toward the right with an acceleration toward the right of 1.75 m/s². What does spring scale F₂ read?

[2] N

Show your calculations and explain.
[2]

C) Again two forces are applied to the cart with two different spring scales as shown below. The spring scale F₁ still reads 11 N.

 The cart moves with a constant velocity toward the right of 10.5 m/s. What does spring scale F₂ read?

[2] N

Show your calculations and explain.
[2]

D) Again two forces are applied to the cart with two different spring scales as shown below. The spring scale F₁ still reads 11 N.

The cart moves toward the left with an acceleration toward the left of 2.5 m/s². What does spring scale F₂ read?

[2]

Show your calculations and explain.
[2]
 

2. Questions A - B refer to a toy car that can move in either direction along a horizontal line (the + position axis).

Assume that friction is so small that it can be ignored. A force toward the right of constant magnitude is applied to the car.

A. Sketch on the axes below using a solid line the shape of the car's acceleration-time graph.

B. Suppose that the mass of the car were twice as large. The same constant force is applied to the car. Sketch on the axes above using a dashed line the car's acceleration-time graph.

Explain any differences in this graph compared to the car's acceleration-time graph with the original mass.
[2]